Immigration Enforcement’s Lasting Impact on Minneapolis Economy
- Operation Metro Surge led to significant economic downturns for immigrant-owned businesses in Minneapolis.
- Daniel Hernandez’s Colonial Market faced a 60% sales decline, leading to the closure of its Lake Street location.
- Community fears persist over potential future immigration enforcement amid ongoing economic instability.
MINNEAPOLIS — Although Operation Metro Surge has concluded, the repercussions of intensified Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activities significantly affect local businesses, particularly Daniel Hernandez’s Colonial Market grocery stores. Following ICE’s increased presence, the usual morning customers have largely vanished.
“We’re barely — literally barely — surviving,” Hernandez stated during an interview in his store, filled with Spanish-language music and vibrant decorations. He indicated that the anticipated recovery in customer traffic post-surge never occurred.
This summer, Hernandez closed his Colonial Market location on Lake Street, the core of Minneapolis’ Hispanic business community. Opening the store just two years earlier required him to use savings and take loans against his home. Sales have since plummeted by approximately 60%.
The financial difficulties experienced by Hernandez are symptomatic of a broader trend affecting immigrant communities nationwide. Under President Donald Trump, who has prioritized deportations as a cornerstone of his administration, cities experiencing such immigration actions saw a subsequent economic downturn. Research indicates that areas where raids occurred in 2025 suffered nearly a 3% drop in weekly foot traffic and a more than 6% decline in spending, leading to billions of dollars in lost economic activity.
“You are creating recession-like conditions in targeted neighborhoods,” stated Zeke Hernandez, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. He found that overall, this resulted in around 8 billion fewer visits across affected cities that year.
‘Disaster’ in Minnesota
Operation Metro Surge, which was touted as the largest immigration enforcement action by the Department of Homeland Security, took place from early December to mid-February. Even months afterward, local businesses are struggling to stabilize while the community assesses the economic fallout. The Lake Street Council reported that immigrant-owned businesses lost approximately $46 million during December and January. To support these entrepreneurs, council members assisted non-English speaking business owners in applying for emergency funds.
Data compiled for CNBC by Advan Research indicates that bars and eateries along Lake Street lagged behind neighboring areas in year-over-year foot traffic for months post-surge, peaking in March with a gap of nearly 10 percentage points.
The Minneapolis government estimates a loss of almost $700 million in economic activity from December to April due to the operation. Mayor Jacob Frey described this estimate as potentially conservative and acknowledged the “tail” effects the city continues to face.
To address the needs of affected businesses, city lawmakers allocated about $7 million in relief alongside more than $3 million in rental assistance. However, Mayor Frey recognized that these funds would be insufficient to resolve the crisis many in the community likened to a natural disaster.
Employment figures in U.S. cities that underwent immigration enforcement spikes also reveal a troubling trend. An analysis by the Brookings Institution found a 0.4% shortfall in employment six months following an enforcement surge. Minnesota’s labor force participation rate declined faster than the national rate, with the state’s seasonally adjusted unemployment rate exceeding the national average for the first time in nearly two decades.
As evictions surged, Home Line, a Minnesota advocacy group, noted a spike in eviction notices as funding sources dwindled. By August, eviction notifications had risen by about 7% compared to the previous year.
The Minneapolis Foundation attempted to supplement government assistance by gathering millions from local corporations, though the foundation’s leader, R.T. Rybak, remarked that companies voiced their concerns less vigorously about the surge than they had regarding previous social issues, attributing this reluctance to political pressures from the Trump administration.
The Hispanic American Economy
Trump’s approach to mass deportations remains central to his political agenda as the upcoming midterm elections approach. Democrats aim to leverage voter discontent over these policies.
A White House spokesperson recently claimed that immigration under President Biden could harm the country’s fiscal health, contributing to inflation and suppressing wage growth for American workers.
Advocates assert that immigration crackdowns jeopardize the economic progress of Hispanic Americans, who have emerged as crucial contributors to the national economy. If the Latino population in the U.S. were considered a separate nation, its GDP would rank as the fourth largest globally at $5.1 trillion. However, household spending growth among Hispanic families has slowed by about 2 percentage points over the last two years, according to Numerator, with immigration policy increasingly regarded as a top concern among this demographic.
In an effort to support local economic activity, immigrant entrepreneurs have utilized Hernandez’s remaining Colonial Market location for a pop-up market amid prevailing fears of enforcement actions. Hernandez has invited Minneapolis police to patrol during the events, hoping their presence might deter ICE agents.
However, the recovery for Hernandez’s businesses is precarious. He faces potential eviction due to accumulated rent arrears linked to lost sales from the surge, despite a GoFundMe campaign that has raised over $3,000 to assist with expenses. “During the storm, you can feel the winds. But once the storm is over, all that you see is destruction,” he remarked. “That’s what happened here.”
News Courtesy of CNBC


