Aging Linked to Slower, More Tiring Walking Strategies in New Australian Study

Research spearheaded by Flinders University and the University of Canberra has revealed that as people age, their walking strategies become increasingly centered on stability rather than speed and energy efficiency. This “safety-first” approach may contribute to faster fatigue and higher fall risks among older adults.

The study involved an analysis of movement data from 107 healthy adults aged 26 to 86, uncovering subtle yet significant age-related differences in how the ankle and adjacent muscles support movement. Lead author Dr. Cody Lindsay, a sport and exercise technology expert, emphasized the ankle’s critical role in maintaining balance while aiding forward propulsion.

“As we get older, the body starts to favor stability over efficiency,” Dr. Lindsay stated from the Flinders Caring Futures Institute. “That helps keep us upright, but it also makes walking more of an effort.” The research indicated that older individuals tend to engage opposing muscles around the ankle simultaneously—a phenomenon known as co-contraction. This results in a stiffer ankle joint, enhancing stability upon foot contact but also demanding more effort from the muscles without facilitating forward movement.

Additionally, older participants displayed reduced push-off power with each step, leading to shorter strides and slower walking speeds. Co-author Associate Professor Maarten Immink noted that these findings reflect broader changes in how the body manages movement with age. “The nervous system adopts a safety-first approach, compensating for age-related changes by favoring stability over performance,” he explained.

These adaptations could lead to increased fatigue, making it more challenging for older adults to walk longer distances and reducing their ability to recover from trips or slips—factors that significantly contribute to falls. “Even gradual changes can affect confidence and independence,” said Associate Professor Immink, highlighting that older adults may notice increased tiredness or instability, particularly on uneven surfaces.

The researchers propose that exercise may play a key role in preserving mobility for aging individuals. They advocate for exercise programs to emphasize balance and coordination alongside strength training. “For older Australians, simple actions can make a difference, including regular physical activity, balance exercises such as tai chi, lower-leg strengthening, and activities that challenge coordination,” Dr. Lindsay noted.

Encouraging consistent physical activity is seen as vital for maintaining confidence, mobility, and independence in later years. The researchers ultimately hope these findings will inform better prevention and rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing falls and promoting healthy aging.